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of language. However, Neurath realized that isotype is limited to what it can communicate,
so the aim of the stylewas not to become a language on its own but instead to be a helping
language (Reisz 2011).
Figure 2.3:
Home and FactoryWeaving in England
by Otto Neurath (1939)
Education through picture was always the core element of isotype, which was used to
educate and inform the general public about various subjects. Isotype must enhance the
attractiveness of large amount of numbers and turning them into something more visually
striking. The description of the isotype technique can be found in Otto Neurath’s book
International picture language. Isotype pictograms rarely ever depict the pictogram in
perspective in order to preserve the style’s direct clarity. Another important and famous rule
that can be applied to all other types of graphic design work is that greater quantity of
something cannot be represented by an enlargement of the symbol but should instead be
represented by a repetition of the same-sized ones. For Neurath, repetition works better for
comparison than the change in the size of the image, which can impact the communication
of the designwhen the viewer tries tomake an evaluation.
2.2.3.4 Data Visualization
Data visualization is a type of infographic that visually communicate quantitative and
qualitative data. There are many scholars who consider data visualization and infographic
synonymous. However, based on the researcher’s own observation, while several
infographics can be considered data visualization due to the visual display of quantitative
and qualitative information, some infographic like certain types of maps and scientific
illustration are not considered data visualization as some of themmay not contain any data.
Themain goal of data visualization is not only to communicate and deliver clear and truthful
